Dry Cargo Ships

Dry cargo ships

General Cargo Ship: Once upon a time they ruled the world when parcel sizes were small. They were combination of Passengers and variety of cargoes like dry, liquid, temperature controlled and special cargoes.

Hull: Single

Average size: Length-150m Breadth-25 m Draft- 9 m

Capacity: (Measured in deadweight tonnes): 12000 t

Cargo gear: Normally yes, Derricks or cranes

Masts: Multiple if derricks are used, else only fore mast on forecastle deck and main mast on top of Navigation bridge.

Cargo area: 1 or 2 Tween decks (Horizontal decks) are in each hold. Normally 1 to 6 holds depending on size.

Ballast tanks: Double bottoms, Fore peak and After peak

Cargo oil tanks: May be in form of Veg oil tanks or Deep tanks. Same can be used for dry cargoes.

Temperature controlled compartments: may be provided

Special cargo lockers: may be provided

Let us see what Captain DOGO has to say.

Multi-purpose Ships: They relatively few in numbers. Mainly they deal with Bulk cargoes, Pipes, steel coils, steel pipes, Few containers, Timber, CKD and deck cargoes (as cargoes are available).

Hull: Single

Average size: Length-150m Breadth-25 m Draft- 9 m

Capacity: (Measured in deadweight tonnes): 30000 – 40000 t

Cargo gear: Normally yes, Derricks or cranes

Masts: Multiple if derricks are used, else only fore mast on forecastle deck and main mast on top of Navigation bridge.

Cargo area: 1 or 2 Tween decks (Horizontal decks) are in each hold. Normally 1 to 6 holds depending on size. Tween decks if present will have porus openings for bulk cargoes

Ballast tanks: Double bottoms, Fore peak and After peak and may have upper side tanks

Cargo oil tanks: No, but may be provided by way of special containers on deck

Temperature controlled compartments: may be provided by way of containers on deck

Special cargo lockers: No

Bulk Carrier Ships: They have lot of variation in sizes as well as cargo handling gear. Mainly they deal with Bulk cargoes like coal, ores, steel coils, steel pipes, Timber and deck cargoes (as cargoes are available).

Hull: Single

Average sizes: Length-100 – 400 m Breadth-15- 60 m Draft- 5 – 20 m

Capacity: (Measured in deadweight tonnes): 10,000 – 400,000 t

Cargo gear: No gear on very large ships, Cranes or specialized arrangements on smaller ships

Masts: Only fore mast on forecastle deck and Main mast on top of Navigation bridge.

Cargo area: No tween decks (Horizontal decks), Normally 1 to 9 holds depending on size. May have upper side tanks suitable for loading grain.

Ballast tanks: Double bottoms, Fore peak and After peak, Ballast holds (Cargo/Water) and Upper side tanks

Cargo oil tanks: No,

Temperature controlled compartments: No

Special cargo lockers: No

Over to you Capitano DOGO

Ore Carrier Ships: They are large in size. Mainly they deal with heavy Bulk cargoes like ores. Normally chartered for long periods by Steel companies and operate on sort of fixed routes.

Hull: Double

Average sizes: Length-200 – 300 m Breadth-30 – 50 m Draft- 12 – 20 m

Capacity: (Measured in deadweight tonnes): 100,000 – 300,000 t

Cargo gear: No gear.

Masts: Only fore mast on forecastle deck and Main mast on top of Navigation bridge.

Cargo area: No tween decks (Horizontal decks), Normally 1 to 9 holds depending on size. Volume of cargo area is lesser than Bulk carriers.

Ballast tanks: Double bottoms with extra depth, Fore peak and After peak and side wing tanks

Cargo oil tanks: No,

Temperature controlled compartments: No

Special cargo lockers: No

Reefer Ships: (Not in syllabus as almost extinct) They are smaller in size. Mainly they deal with Temperature controlled cargoes, sometimes they load clean special dry cargoes after switching off refrigeration machinery. Normally chartered for long periods by Fruit and Vegetable companies and operate on sort of fixed routes.

Hull: Single and Insulated

Average sizes: Length-80 – 130 m Breadth-15 – 22 m Draft- 6 – 9 m

Capacity: (Measured in deadweight tonnes): 3000 – 10,000 t

Cargo gear: Cranes

Masts: Only fore mast on forecastle deck and Main mast on top of Navigation bridge.

Cargo area: Insulated 1-3 tween decks (Horizontal decks), Normally 1 to 5 holds depending on size.

Ballast tanks: Double bottoms, Fore peak and After peak. Some ships carry solid ballast.

Cargo oil tanks: No.

Temperature controlled compartments: No special compartments other than cargo holds.

Special cargo lockers: No

Live Stock or Cattle Carrier Ships: Generally they are small in size. Animals are carried on decks(sheltered from weather) built on Upper or Main deck. Feed and water is carried under deck and fed to animal deck by way of conveyor belts and pumps. Normally chartered for long periods by Meat companies and operate on sort of fixed routes.

Hull: Single.

Average sizes: Length-80 – 130 m Breadth-15 – 22 m Draft- 6 – 9 m

Capacity: (Measured in heads of Cattle): 3000 – 5,000, Goats up to 60000

Cargo gear: Ramps

Masts: Main mast on top of Navigation bridge.

Cargo area: 10-12 weather protected decks built on main deck. Normally 1 to 5 holds depending on size for feed and water (Built in tanks).

Ballast tanks: Double bottoms, Fore peak and After peak. Wing tanks

Cargo oil tanks: No,

Temperature controlled compartments: No.

Special cargo lockers: No

Well Cadet DOZO, any questions?

LASH Carrier Ships: They are “Lighters aboard SHIP”. Very few of them exist today. Generally they are Medium in size. LASH barges are loaded under deck and on deck. Due to specialized nature of cargo, normally chartered for long periods by specialized companies and operate on fixed routes.

Hull: Double

Average sizes: Length-100 – 200 m Breadth-20 – 25 m Draft- 7 – 11 m

Capacity: (Measured in Number of LASH barges): 700 barges

Cargo gear: Traveling Gantry crane on ship loading from stern of the ship

Masts: Main mast on top of Navigation bridge.

Cargo area: Under deck and Over deck (On hatch cover). Normally 1 to 5 holds depending on size.

Ballast tanks: Double bottoms, Fore peak and After peak. Wing tanks

Cargo oil tanks: No,

Temperature controlled compartments: No.

Special cargo lockers: No

Captain DOGO Sir! Any comments?

Container Ships: They vary drastically in sizes as per their role in trade. They have taken over most of the general cargo business in the world. Smaller ships are FEEDER ships who operate between small ports and Mother(Big) ports. Big ships are long haul ships with very large capacity operating on main routes with Major ports. Medium size ships operate on smaller routes.

Hull: Double

Average sizes: Length-70 – 400 m Breadth:10 – 60 m Draft- 5 – 20 m

Capacity: (Measured in Number twenty feet equivalent containers): 10 – 21,000 TEUs

Cargo gear: Traveling Gantry crane on ship loading from stern of the ship

Masts: Main mast on top of Navigation bridge.

Cargo area: Under deck and Over deck. Normally 1 to 7 holds depending on size.

Ballast tanks: Double bottoms, Fore peak and After peak. Wing tanks

Cargo oil tanks: No, But large number of Tank containers can be loaded.

Temperature controlled compartments: No. But large number of refrigerated containers are loaded under deck and over deck by providing power source.

Special cargo lockers: No

So Mr Cadet DOZO, did you understand?

RO-RO Ships and Car Carriers: They vary drastically in sizes as per their role in trade. They can be combination carriers with Passengers and containers. They can be short haul or trans ocean carriers. Car carriers are specialized RO-RO ships with similar features and sizes.